Pharmaceutical Waste Management An Overview

Pharmaceutical Crops: An Overview

Pharmaceutical crops is an ambiguous term used by biologists and chemists for different categories of plants. This review focuses on the definition and scope of pharmaceutical crops. We define pharmaceutical crops as those cultivated species that are used for extraction or preparation of therapeutic substances such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), excipients used in pharmaceutical f...

Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: An Overview

In the last few years, a large number of drugs have been discovered with low aqueous solubility. Among these recently discovered drugs, about 60-70% of the compounds are related to the BCS Class II (low solubility/high permeability) and IV (low solubility/ low permeability)[1,2]. Many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have not been developed in formulations due to low aqueous solubility,...

Waste Management, Strategies and Situation in South Africa: An Overview

This paper highlights some interesting facts on South African’s waste situation and management strategies, in particular the Integrated Waste Management. South Africa supports a waste hierarchy by promoting cleaner production, waste minimisation, reuse, recycling and waste treatment with disposal and remediation as the last preferred options in waste management. The drivers for waste management...

An Overview of Solid Waste Management Issues Facing Rural Communities

Waste Reduction Techniques: An Overview

increasingly, companies are focusing on waste reduction in the entire manufacturing process rather than just on end-of-the-pipe waste. The techniques used in waste reduction can be broken own into four major categories-managing inventory, modifying production processes, educing waste volume, and recovering waste. Within each category, examples are given of process or materials changes or modifi...